Completely eliminates carbon emissions when produced from renewable energy, utilizes existing global ammonia production and distribution infrastructure, and provides similar energy density to conventional marine fuels. Ammonia enables long-distance shipping without requiring new fuel supply networks. The technology supports existing ship designs with engine modifications.
High toxicity requires specialized safety systems and crew training, produces NOx emissions requiring advanced exhaust treatment, and has production costs 2-3 times higher than conventional marine fuels. Engine efficiency is 10-15% lower than diesel engines affecting fuel consumption. Limited availability of green ammonia production constrains supply. There are some real disadvantages here and global infrastructure and safety practices are needed, as well as a careful assessment about whether the fuel is an improvement in totality or not.